The Link Between Omega-3 and Mood: How Fish Oil Alleviates Symptoms of Depression

Abstract Summary
Objective: This study examines the role of fish oil supplementation in reducing symptoms of depression in adults diagnosed with mild to moderate major depressive disorder (MDD).

Context: Omega-3 fatty acids, especially EPA, have shown potential in improving mood and reducing depressive symptoms. This research assesses the effects of daily fish oil supplementation on depressive symptoms in adults receiving standard depression treatments.

Methods Used
Approach: A 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 100 adults diagnosed with mild to moderate MDD. Participants received either 3 grams of fish oil daily or a placebo, in addition to their standard antidepressant medication. The study aimed to assess changes in depressive symptoms using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Data Collection: Participants underwent psychological assessments (HDRS and BDI) at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Serum levels of EPA and DHA were measured at the same intervals to monitor compliance and response to supplementation.

Researchers' Summary of Findings
Impact on Health: Participants in the fish oil group exhibited a significant reduction in depressive symptoms compared to the placebo group, particularly in the HDRS scores. The improvement in mood was most noticeable after 12 weeks of supplementation. Higher serum levels of EPA were associated with better outcomes, suggesting a dose-response relationship.

Health Implications: Fish oil supplementation, when used alongside standard antidepressant therapy, may improve depressive symptoms in individuals with MDD. The results support the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in mental health interventions.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mentalhealth2024.508912